Miguel Aguiar
Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Cepese, Graduate Student
- Chivalry (Medieval Studies), Medieval Nobility, Medieval Military History, Medieval Iberian History, Nobility, Crusades, and 15 morePortuguese Medieval History, Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion, History Portuguese and Spanish, Military History, Medieval Warfare, Medieval History of Spain, Medieval Aristocracy, Medieval Literature, Knighthood, Medieval Spain, History of Crusades, Later Crusades, Anthropology of Kinship, Medieval Kinship, and Parentescoedit
- I’m a PhD researcher at the University of Porto and University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. My research is on aristocra... moreI’m a PhD researcher at the University of Porto and University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. My research is on aristocracy and kinship practices and representations in the late Middle Ages.edit
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Este artigo procura refletir sobre a relação entre a aristocracia medieval portuguesa e a cavalaria, na sua dimensão plural de categoria social e de ideologia que viria a caraterizar os grupos dominantes na hierarquia social medieva.... more
Este artigo procura refletir sobre a relação entre a aristocracia medieval portuguesa e a cavalaria, na sua dimensão plural de categoria social e de ideologia que viria a caraterizar os grupos dominantes na hierarquia social medieva. Interessa discutir a importância dos milites/cavaleiros quer na sociedade dos séculos XII e XIII, quer nos séculos XIV e XV, evidenciando, em ambos os períodos, a polissemia desse estatuto e relacionando-o simultaneamente com as etapas de construção e
articulação da ideologia cavaleiresca em Portugal. Importa também ponderar o surgimento dos símbolos e dos rituais da cavalaria enquanto autoimagem dos diferentes quadrantes da aristocracia: dos infantes, da alta nobreza ou dos cavaleiros propriamente ditos. Num plano mais lato, este estudo tem como objetivo refletir acerca da importância da cavalaria para a coesão mas também para a renovação do grupo aristocrático.
This article aims to research the relationship between the Portuguese medieval aristocracy and chivalry in its various dimensions, i.e. as a social category and as an ideology that would eventually typify the dominant groups in the medieval social hierarchy. The role of militates/
knights both in the 12th-13th and later in the 14th-15th centuries will also be an important issue to be addressed. In this case, the polysemy of these social groupings and their evolution through the different phases of Portuguese chivalric ideology will be of great importance to the discussion. Furthermore, the emergence of chivalric symbols and rituals as self-images of the aristocracy –such as infants, high nobility or knights themselves– will be considered for this matter. In a much broader sense, this study aims to reflect upon the role of chivalry in the cohesion and renovation of aristocratic groups.
articulação da ideologia cavaleiresca em Portugal. Importa também ponderar o surgimento dos símbolos e dos rituais da cavalaria enquanto autoimagem dos diferentes quadrantes da aristocracia: dos infantes, da alta nobreza ou dos cavaleiros propriamente ditos. Num plano mais lato, este estudo tem como objetivo refletir acerca da importância da cavalaria para a coesão mas também para a renovação do grupo aristocrático.
This article aims to research the relationship between the Portuguese medieval aristocracy and chivalry in its various dimensions, i.e. as a social category and as an ideology that would eventually typify the dominant groups in the medieval social hierarchy. The role of militates/
knights both in the 12th-13th and later in the 14th-15th centuries will also be an important issue to be addressed. In this case, the polysemy of these social groupings and their evolution through the different phases of Portuguese chivalric ideology will be of great importance to the discussion. Furthermore, the emergence of chivalric symbols and rituals as self-images of the aristocracy –such as infants, high nobility or knights themselves– will be considered for this matter. In a much broader sense, this study aims to reflect upon the role of chivalry in the cohesion and renovation of aristocratic groups.
Research Interests:
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a frente de guerra cruzadística que o reino de Portugal manteve no Norte de África, do início do século XV até à centúria seguinte, dividindo a abordagem em duas partes. Na primeira, analisaremos a... more
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a frente de guerra cruzadística que o reino de Portugal manteve no Norte de África, do início do século XV até à centúria seguinte, dividindo a abordagem em duas partes. Na primeira, analisaremos a construção retórica e historiográfica levada a cabo pela coroa portuguesa. Esse processo, concretizado na produção cronística sobre a história do reino, procurava sobretudo sublinhar o caráter fulcral da guerra frente ao Islão para a definição da identidade de Portugal, enfatizando por essa via a necessária predisposição para manter ativos os teatros de guerra no Magrebe. Na segunda parte, procuraremos analisar (na maior parte das vezes através de indícios indiretos) a receção desta “visão oficial” por parte da aristocracia guerreira, tentando compreender em que medida os valores, as práticas e os motivos veiculados pela coroa foram ou não assimilados pela generalidade dos guerreiros que foram marcando presença nas praças norte-africanas.
Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser la guerre de croisade conduite par le royaume du Portugal en Afrique du Nord, depuis le début du XVe siècle jusqu’au XVIe. Notre approche sera divisée en deux parties. Dans la première, nous analyserons la construction rhétorique et historiographique menée par la couronne portugaise. Ce processus, concrétisé notamment par la production chronistique sur l’histoire du royaume, voulait surtout souligner le caractère essentiel de la guerre contre l’Islam pour la définition de l’identité du Portugal, mettant l’accent sur la nécessité du maintien des théâtres de guerre au Maghreb. Dans la seconde partie, nous chercherons à analyser (dans la plupart des cas à travers des indices indirects) la réception de cette « vision officielle » par l’aristocratie guerrière, en essayant de comprendre dans quelle mesure les valeurs, les pratiques et les motifs véhiculés par la couronne furent ou non assimilés par la généralité des hommes d’armes qui formaient les garnisons des forteresses d’Afrique du Nord.
This article seeks to analyse the Portuguese crusading efforts in North Africa, from the beginning of the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries. Our approach will be divided in two parts. In the first, we analyse the rhetoric and historiographical construction made by the Portuguese crown. This process, embodied in chronicles that recounted the kingdom’s history, sought to underline the vital importance of the war against Islam to Portugal’s identity, and emphasized therefore the necessity of being predisposed to maintain the war effort in Maghreb. In the second part, we try to analyse (mostly through indirect evidence) how the warrior aristocracy received this “official vision”. We will attempt to understand in which measure the values, the practices and motifs publicized by the crown were or not assimilated by the men of arms who formed these stronghold garrisons.
Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser la guerre de croisade conduite par le royaume du Portugal en Afrique du Nord, depuis le début du XVe siècle jusqu’au XVIe. Notre approche sera divisée en deux parties. Dans la première, nous analyserons la construction rhétorique et historiographique menée par la couronne portugaise. Ce processus, concrétisé notamment par la production chronistique sur l’histoire du royaume, voulait surtout souligner le caractère essentiel de la guerre contre l’Islam pour la définition de l’identité du Portugal, mettant l’accent sur la nécessité du maintien des théâtres de guerre au Maghreb. Dans la seconde partie, nous chercherons à analyser (dans la plupart des cas à travers des indices indirects) la réception de cette « vision officielle » par l’aristocratie guerrière, en essayant de comprendre dans quelle mesure les valeurs, les pratiques et les motifs véhiculés par la couronne furent ou non assimilés par la généralité des hommes d’armes qui formaient les garnisons des forteresses d’Afrique du Nord.
This article seeks to analyse the Portuguese crusading efforts in North Africa, from the beginning of the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries. Our approach will be divided in two parts. In the first, we analyse the rhetoric and historiographical construction made by the Portuguese crown. This process, embodied in chronicles that recounted the kingdom’s history, sought to underline the vital importance of the war against Islam to Portugal’s identity, and emphasized therefore the necessity of being predisposed to maintain the war effort in Maghreb. In the second part, we try to analyse (mostly through indirect evidence) how the warrior aristocracy received this “official vision”. We will attempt to understand in which measure the values, the practices and motifs publicized by the crown were or not assimilated by the men of arms who formed these stronghold garrisons.
Research Interests:
Neste artigo pretende-se analisar a produção cronística de Gomes Eanes de Zurara, enquadrando a sua forma e estilo, assim como as mensagens transmitidas, em função dos objetivos que terão presidido à sua feitura. Por um lado, as crónicas... more
Neste artigo pretende-se analisar a produção cronística de Gomes Eanes de Zurara, enquadrando a sua forma e estilo, assim como as mensagens transmitidas, em função dos objetivos que terão presidido à sua feitura. Por um lado, as crónicas destinavam-se a ser ‘espelhos de nobres’, propondo um conjunto de referenciais cavaleirescos que deviam orientar o comportamento da aristocracia e que, simultaneamente, definiam a matriz de serviço ao rei e da própria competitividade no seio daquele grupo social. Por outro lado, estes textos podem também ser analisados enquanto peças de ‘propaganda’ favoráveis ao esforço cruzadístico no Norte de África, inscrevendo-se num discurso que visava, nos planos interno e externo, justificar e alimentar o entusiasmo por tal empresa guerreira
This article aims to analyse Gomes Eanes de Zurara’s chronicles, considering not only form and style, but also the message regarding the general purposes of the text. Chronicles were seen as “nobles' mirrors” based on chivalric principles, which functioned as a way of shaping aristocracy’s behaviour, while simultaneously defining the competitivity amid that social group. Nonetheless, these texts can also be analysed as pieces of ‘propaganda’ on behalf of the crusade in North Africa, validating and reinforcing internally and externally the zeal and eagerness of this same movement.
This article aims to analyse Gomes Eanes de Zurara’s chronicles, considering not only form and style, but also the message regarding the general purposes of the text. Chronicles were seen as “nobles' mirrors” based on chivalric principles, which functioned as a way of shaping aristocracy’s behaviour, while simultaneously defining the competitivity amid that social group. Nonetheless, these texts can also be analysed as pieces of ‘propaganda’ on behalf of the crusade in North Africa, validating and reinforcing internally and externally the zeal and eagerness of this same movement.
Research Interests:
Com este artigo pretende-se expor as linhas essenciais da dissertação de mestrado a apresentar em junho de 2016. A referida investigação norteia-se por um conjunto de questões fundamentais: qual era a importância dos ideais cavaleirescos... more
Com este artigo pretende-se expor as linhas essenciais da dissertação de mestrado a apresentar em junho de 2016. A referida investigação norteia-se por um conjunto de questões fundamentais: qual era a importância dos ideais cavaleirescos em Portugal, no final da Idade Média? Em que consistiam de facto esses 'ideais'? Como se estruturam os discursos em torno da cavalaria? Haveria de facto alguma ligação entre estes e o 'programa' do reinado de D. Afonso V?
This article seeks to present the main ideas of my master thesis, which should be presented in June 2016. The referred investigation has a set of essential questions that should design the work: what was the importance of chivalric ideals in late medieval Portugal? What was the meaning of those ideals? How the discourses about chivalry were structured? There was any connection between those ideas and D. Afonso V ruling 'program'?
This article seeks to present the main ideas of my master thesis, which should be presented in June 2016. The referred investigation has a set of essential questions that should design the work: what was the importance of chivalric ideals in late medieval Portugal? What was the meaning of those ideals? How the discourses about chivalry were structured? There was any connection between those ideas and D. Afonso V ruling 'program'?
Research Interests:
This article seeks to understand the different stages in the spread and development of chivalric ideals as a feature that marked the identity of the main socio-political groups in medieval Portugal. For this purpose, a diachronic approach... more
This article seeks to understand the different stages in the spread and development of chivalric ideals as a feature that marked the identity of the main socio-political groups in medieval Portugal. For this purpose, a diachronic approach is adopted, while, at the same time, a comparison is made with other European areas, especially the Iberian Christian kingdoms. The sources used for the writing of this study ranged from chronicles to genealogical literature, legislative compilations, chivalric treatises and diplomatic documents.
Research Interests:
Um cavaleiro não nascia cavaleiro: fazia-se. Por essa razão, a investidura ou adubamento tornou-se um evento de capital importância. Este artigo pretende analisar tal cerimónia sob dois prismas. Começar-se-á por tentar perceber os... more
Um cavaleiro não nascia cavaleiro: fazia-se. Por essa razão, a investidura ou adubamento tornou-se um evento de capital importância. Este artigo pretende analisar tal cerimónia sob dois prismas. Começar-se-á por tentar perceber os significados que ela foi assumindo ao longo do período cronológico definido. Na segunda parte, analisa-se o ritual propriamente dito, tentando descrevê-lo e procurando compreender a simbologia que lhe estava associada. Para cumprir estes propósitos cruzam-se diferentes tipologias de fontes: crónicas, livros de linhagens, obras de cariz legislativo e tratadístico, recorrendo-se ainda a documentação de carácter diplomático. Ao longo do texto procurar-se-á manter uma perspetiva comparativa com outras realidades peninsulares, não perdendo também de vista o que entretanto se passava nos territórios além-Pirenéus.
The ritual of dubbing to knighthood assumed since an early stage a capital importance, given that it was the necessary step to become a knight. This article will focus on this ceremony, dividing its analysis in two main parts. First, it will try to understand the different meanings of the ritual on the selected period. On the second part, the aim is to focus on the ritual itself, trying to describe how it was processed and analyzing the simbology of each step. As sources, this study uses chronicles, genealogical literature, legislative compilations, chivalric treatises and diplomatic documents. Throughout the text, there will be a comparative view with the rest of the Iberian kingdoms and also with other European regions.
The ritual of dubbing to knighthood assumed since an early stage a capital importance, given that it was the necessary step to become a knight. This article will focus on this ceremony, dividing its analysis in two main parts. First, it will try to understand the different meanings of the ritual on the selected period. On the second part, the aim is to focus on the ritual itself, trying to describe how it was processed and analyzing the simbology of each step. As sources, this study uses chronicles, genealogical literature, legislative compilations, chivalric treatises and diplomatic documents. Throughout the text, there will be a comparative view with the rest of the Iberian kingdoms and also with other European regions.
Research Interests:
Esta dissertação tem por objeto o estudo da ideologia cavaleiresca em Portugal no século XV, e orienta-se em função de algumas questões fundamentais: quais os valores e ideais que caracterizavam a ideologia cavaleiresca? Havia alguma... more
Esta dissertação tem por objeto o estudo da ideologia cavaleiresca em Portugal no século XV, e orienta-se em função de algumas questões fundamentais: quais os valores e ideais que caracterizavam a ideologia cavaleiresca? Havia alguma hierarquia entre eles? Qual a importância desta ideologia no Portugal do século XV? Para tentar responder a estas perguntas, utiliza-se um conjunto diversificado de fontes: crónicas, legislação, capítulos de cortes, pareceres e correspondência trocada entre os membros da família real, cartas de brasão de armas e epitáfios tumulares. A estrutura da dissertação divide-se em três capítulos. No primeiro discutem-se os sentidos polissémicos dos termos cavalaria e cavaleiro. No segundo analisa-se a conceção teórica da cavalaria, nomeadamente sobre a sua origem, funções na sociedade e os valores que a deveriam orientar. No terceiro procuram-se analisar alguns aspetos da vivência da cavalaria, como as justas, torneios e feitos de armas realizados em Portugal, a importância do sentimento cruzadístico para a ideologia cavaleiresca, e o significado da cavalaria para a realeza e para os vários setores da aristocracia.
This dissertation has by goal the study of chivalry and knightly ideology in Portugal during the XV century, and it's oriented according to some fundamental questions: which values and ideals used to characterize the knightly ideology? Was there any hierarchy between them? How important was this ideology during the XV century in Portugal? To attempt to answer to this group of questions, the dissertation uses a diverse group of sources: chronicles, legislation, chapters of cortes, correspondence exchanged between the members of the royal family, letters of coats of arms and gravestones' epitaphs. The dissertation's structure divides itself in three chapters. On the first, we discuss the polisemy associated with the terms chivalry and knight in Portuguese sources. On the second, we analyze the theoretical conception of chivalry, namely about its origin, functions in society and the values which should guide it. On the third, we look to analyze some aspects of the chivalry's experience, such as jousts, tournaments and pas d’armes made in Portugal, the importance of the crusading spirit to the knighthood ideology, and the meaning of chivalry to the royalty and to the several sectors of the aristocracy.
This dissertation has by goal the study of chivalry and knightly ideology in Portugal during the XV century, and it's oriented according to some fundamental questions: which values and ideals used to characterize the knightly ideology? Was there any hierarchy between them? How important was this ideology during the XV century in Portugal? To attempt to answer to this group of questions, the dissertation uses a diverse group of sources: chronicles, legislation, chapters of cortes, correspondence exchanged between the members of the royal family, letters of coats of arms and gravestones' epitaphs. The dissertation's structure divides itself in three chapters. On the first, we discuss the polisemy associated with the terms chivalry and knight in Portuguese sources. On the second, we analyze the theoretical conception of chivalry, namely about its origin, functions in society and the values which should guide it. On the third, we look to analyze some aspects of the chivalry's experience, such as jousts, tournaments and pas d’armes made in Portugal, the importance of the crusading spirit to the knighthood ideology, and the meaning of chivalry to the royalty and to the several sectors of the aristocracy.
Research Interests:
Recensão ao livro de Inés Calderón Medina, «Los Soverosa. Una parentela nobiliaria entre tres reinos: poder y parentesco en la Edad Media hispana (ss. XI-XIII)», Valladolid, Ediciones Universidad de Valladolid, 2018
